What this paper finds

• The governing resources standard contains no occurrence of software, algorithm, or computational anywhere in its fifty-seven pages — and no reserves-specific instrument in any jurisdiction we examined mentions AI at all.
• Securities regulation already imposes a demanding, technology-agnostic test: a computational method must be field tested and demonstrated to give consistent, repeatable results in the formation being evaluated or an analogous one.
• In our own analysis of 2025 annual filings, “artificial intelligence” appears in 31 filings by oil and gas issuers — and in none of the third-party reserve reports or evaluator consents attached to them.